Wednesday, April 22, 2015

25 Ecology-Conscious Radio Hits of the Early '70s


The first official Earth Day (April 22, 1970) reflected a new environmental awareness taking cues from the Woodstock generation's urge to get "back to the land." This urge went mainstream in the form of environmental legislation, brisk-selling books like The Whole Earth Catalog, Future Shock, and The Late Great Planet Earth, and a booming health food industry, among other things. In pop music, ecological issues became an identifying feature. No era's top selling singles before or since would reference pollution quite so frequently.

The following list includes the biggest singles from the era that show a distinct sense of ecological concern. To make the list, the songs had to have appeared somewhere between 1 and 130 on Billboard's pop singles chart at any point from 1970 to 1974 and contain at least one line expressing concern for the air, the water, or the land. Not included here are any of the numerous songs that merely celebrate country life or any ecologically-oriented non-charting album tracks, however well-known. All of the titles are ordered according to the date of their first appearance in Billboard. This is because it's common for any one of these to be written about as "the first," but no, the subject was a happening thing back then.

1. Pacific Gas & Electric - "Are You Ready" (Billboard #14, entered 5/30/70). Written by Charlie Allen and John Hill. Produced by John Hill. 45: "Are You Ready"/"Staggolee" (Columbia 1970). LP: Are You Ready (Columbia 1970).

Pollution gets listed as one of the social ills Jesus can help fix. ("If you breathe air you'll die/ Perhaps you wonder the reason why.")  Co-writer Charlie Allen is the group's lead vocalist. 

2. The Neighborhood - "Big Yellow Taxi" (Billboard #29, 6/20/70). Written by Joni Mitchell. Produced by Jimmy Bryant. 45: "Big Yellow Taxi"/"You Could Be Born Again" (Big Tree 1970). LP: Debut (Big Tree 1970).

This vocal-troupe version of Joni Mitchell's song about paved-over parking lots, tree museums and DDT charted a week earlier than her own more natural-sounding record. It also charted higher. Side B covers a Free Design song.

3. The Guess Who - "Hand Me Down World" (Billboard #17, entered 7/18/70). Written by Kurt Winter. Produced by Jack Richardson. 45: "Hand Me Down World"/"Runnin' Down the Street." LP: Share the Land.

The environmentalism is implicit here ("Anybody see the sky weeping tears for the ocean?"). The Canadian group's follow up hit, "Share the Land," had a made-to-order Earth Day title, but the lyrics focused instead on communal hand-holding.

4. Joni Mitchell - "Big Yellow Taxi" (Billboard #67, entered 7/25/70). Written and produced by Joni Mitchell. 45: "Big Yellow Taxi"/"Woodstock" (Reprise 1970). LP: Ladies of the Canyon (Reprise 1970).

(Also see nos. 2 and 25.) A John Wilson animation of this record aired on the popular Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour on August 8, 1971. In the mid-nineties a renewed preoccupation with the song took hold thanks to a shopping mall-friendly remix EP, soundtrack placements, and a charting cover version by Amy Grant. In 2003 Counting Crows pecked at it some more for another charting cover version.

5. Three Dog Night - "Out in the Country" (Billboard #15, entered 8/29/70). Written by Paul Williams and Roger Nichols. Produced by Richard Podolor. 45: "Out in the Country"/"Good Time Livin" (Dunhill/ABC 1970). LP: It Ain't Easy (Dunhill/ABC 1970).

This one stands apart from other frolics in the hay by painting a grim picture in the chorus: "Before the breathin' air is gone/ Before the sun is just a bright spot in the night time/ Out where the rivers like to run/ I stand alone and take back something worth remembering."  

6. Spirit - "Animal Zoo" (Billboard #97, entered 9/12/70). Written by Jay Ferguson. Produced by David Briggs. 45: "Animal Zoo"/"Red Light Roll On" (Epic 1970). LP: Twelve Dreams of Dr. Sardonicus (Epic 1970).

The first single from Twelve Dreams of Dr. Sardonicus, the final album for the classic lineup of this inventive Los Angeles group, satirizes life in the city, saying that "the air I breathe and the water I drink is selling me short..."

7. Blue Mink - "Our World" (Billboard #64, entered 9/26/70). Written by Herbie Flowers and Kenny Pickett. Produced by Blue Mink. 45: "Our World"/"Pastures New" (Philips 1970). LP: Our World (Philips 1970).

Blue Mink was a British group that included songwriter Roger Cook and bass guitar ace Herbie Flowers, and their only US hit referenced "people trying not to choke...breathing the smoke," black clouds and "troubled waters." (I'm a fan of the B-side, written by the band's keyboardist Roger Coulam and featuring Flowers's rapid-fire bass fills.)

8. The Kinks - "Apeman" (Billboard #45, entered 1/2/71). Written and produced by Ray Davies. 45: "Apeman"/"Rats." LP: Lola Versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One (1970).

Ray Davies pokes fun at the nature movement by lauding the lifestyle of primates. Musically, he draws from the Caribbean trend. ("I look out my window but I can't see the sky/ 'Cause the air pollution is a-fogging up my eyes.")

9. Charles Wright and the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band - "Solution for Pollution" (Billboard #96, entered 1/23/71). Written and produced by Charles Wright. 45: "Solution for Pollution"/"High as Apple Pie" (Warner Bros. 1970).

Wherein a solution isn't offered, just yearned for. ("The first thing I saw this morning was polluted skies/ Some people walking around with tears in their eyes.")

10. R. Dean Taylor - "Ain’t It a Sad Thing" (Billboard #66, 2/14/71). Written and produced by R. Dean Taylor. 45: "Ain't It a Sad Thing"/"Back Street" (Rare Earth 1970). LP: I Think, Therefore I Am (Rare Earth 1970).

The "Indiana Wants Me" singer-songwriter offers up one of pop's catchiest whistle choruses. ("Cities eating up the land/ Progress eating up the planet")

11. Spirit - "Nature's Way" (Billboard #111, entered 3/20/71. Written by Randy California. Produced by David Briggs. 45: "Nature's Way"/"Soldier" (Epic 1971). LP: Twelve Dreams of Dr. Sardonicus (Epic 1970).

Spirit's final charting single, although not especially detailed, was reportedly prompted by an environmental conversation between band member Randy California and a friend. 

12. Brewer and Shipley - "Tarkio Road" (Billboard #55, 5/15/71). Written by Mike Brewer and Tom Shipley. Produced by Nick Gravenites. 45: "Tarko Road"/"Seems Like a Long Time" (Kama Sutra 1971). LP: Tarkio (Kama Sutra 1971).

In their hazy way, the "One Toke Over the Line" duo from Kansas City zeroes in on 1916 as industrial Year One in Crete, Nebraska. ("Fifty-five years of pollution/ Everybody knows how the puzzle was laid/ But can anyone recall the solution.") The B-side of the single is their version of "Seems Like a Long Time" written by another Kansas City songwriter named Ted Anderson. Rod Stewart would later cover the song on his Every Picture Tells a Story album.

13. Marvin Gaye - "Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)" (Billboard #4, entered 7/3/71). Written and produced by Marvin Gaye. 45: "Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)"/"Sad Tomorrows" (Tamla 1971). LP: What's Going On (Tamla 1971).

The ultimate ecology record is this one, from top to bottom. The song on the B-side called "Sad Tomorrows" is actually an earlier version of the What's Going On album's "Flying High (In the Friendly Sky)."

14. Ten Years After - "I’d Love to Change the World" (Billboard #40, entered 9/25/71). Written by Alvin Lee. Produced by Chris Wright. 45: "I'd Love to Change the World"/"Let the Sky Fall" (Columbia 1971). LP: A Space in Time (Columbia 1971).

Alvin Lee's repeating guitar riff is both unsettling and seductive - one of rock's greats. But the opening lyrics, whatever the intention, sound like Axl Rose source material ("Everywhere is freaks and hairies, dykes and fairies, tell me where is sanity"). Pollution makes the grievance list in verse three.

15. The Staple Singers - "Respect Yourself" (Billboard #12, entered 10/16/71). Written by Mack Rice and Luther Ingram. Produced by Al Bell. 45: "Respect Yourself"/"You're Gonna Make Me Cry" (Stax 1971). LP: Be Altitude: Respect Yourself (1971).

This take-responsibility proclamation was a highlight of the Staple Singers' classic early seventies output. ("Keep talkin' 'bout the president/ Won't stop air pollution/ Put your hand on your mouth when you cough/ That'll help the solution.")

16. Lighthouse - "Take It Slow (Out in the Country)" (Billboard #64, entered 12/11/71). Written by Keith Jollimore, Larry Smith, and Ralph Cole. Produced by Jimmy Ienner. 45: "Take It Slow (Out in the Country)"/"Sweet Lullabye" (Evolution 1971). LP: Thoughts of Movin' On (Evolution 1971).

Like with Three Dog Night's "Out in the Country," the jazz-rock army Lighthouse's "Take It Slow" made air quality a case in point: "Trying to find fresh air to breathe/ Just can't be done."

17. The Stylistics - "People Make the World Go Round" (Billboard #25, 6/3/72). Written by Linda Creed and Thom Bell. Produced by Thom Bell. 45: "People Make the World Go Round"/"Point of No Return" (Avco 1972). LP: The Stylistics (Avco 1971).

The pulsing intro and menacing strings make for a musical approximation of urban smog. This is one of producer Thom Bell's many masterworks. ("Buses on strike want a raise in fare/ So they can help pollute the air.")

18. Tom Rush - "Mother Earth" (Billboard #111, entered 6/3/72). Written by Eric Kaz. Produced by Tom Rush. 45: "Mother Earth"/"Wind on the Water" (Columbia 1972). LP: Merrimack County (Columbia 1972).

Although the folksinger Rush is known for more than his pop chart appearances, this is one of his very few. ("Though I treat her carelessly, Mother Earth provides for me.")

19. Albert Hammond - "Down by the River" (Billboard #91, entered 7/22/72). Written by Albert Hammond and Mike Hazelwood. Produced by Don Altfeld and Albert Hammond. 45: "Down by the River"/"The Last One to Know" (Mums 1972). LP: It Never Rains in Southern California (Mums 1972).

This is not one of the handful of charting cover versions of Neil Young's murder tune. It's Hammond's hand-clapping report on how he swam in a contaminated country river and had to go to the doctor.  

20. The Osmonds - "Crazy Horses" (Billboard #14, entered 10/21/72). Written by Alan Osmond, Merrill Osmond and Wayne Osmond. Produced by Alan Osmond and Michael Lloyd. 45: "Crazy Horses"/"That's My Girl" (MGM/Kolob 1972). LP: Crazy Horses (MGM/Kolob 1972).

The Osmond brothers' hardest rocking track depicts air quality in Book of Revelation horses-of-the-apocalypse terms. ("There's a message floating in the air...There they go, what a show, smoking up the sky... If they keep on moving then it's all our fault.")

21. John Denver - "Rocky Mountain High" (Billboard #9, entered 11/25/72). Written by John Denver and Mike Taylor. Produced by Milton Okun. 45: "Rocky Mountain High"/"Spring" (RCA Victor 1972). LP: Rocky Mountain High (RCA Victor 1972).

John Denver turned early seventies nature-consciousness into a career, but his "Rocky Mountain High" is his only chart hit from the era to express outright concern: "Now his life is full of wonder, but his heart still knows some fear/ Of some simple thing he cannot comprehend/ Why they try to tear the mountains down to bring in a couple more/ More people, more scars upon the land."

22. Stevie Wonder - "Living for the City" (Billboard #8, entered 11/10/73). Written and produced by Stevie Wonder. 45: "Living for the City"/"Visions" (Tamla 1973). LP: Innervisions (Tamla 1973).

Wonder's urban epic from his Innervisons LP features more gasping and hacking: "He's almost dead from breathing on air pollution." The single clocks in at 3:12 while the album version contains a lengthy middle section that stretched it out to 7:26.

23. Daryl Hall and John Oates - "She's Gone" (Billboard #60, entered 2/9/74; Billboard #7, reentered 7/24/76). Written by Daryl Hall and John Oates. Produced by Arif Mardin. 45: "She's Gone"/"I'm Just a Kid (Don't Make Me Feel Like a Man)" (Atlantic 1973; reissued 1976); LP: Abandoned Luncheonette (Atlantic 1973).

Although it went Top Ten as a reissue in '76, "She's Gone," in which the duo sings of taking heartbroken refuge in the city to let the "carbon and monoxide choke" their "thoughts away," first charted in '74, 

24. Prelude - "After the Gold Rush" (Billboard #22, entered 10/5/74). Written by Neil Young. Produced by Fritz Fryer. 45: "After the Gold Rush"/"Johnson Boy" (Island 1974). LP: After the Gold Rush (Island 1974).

Neil Young's own 1970 recording of "After the Gold Rush," with the line "look at Mother Nature on the run in the 1970s," is the classic version, but this lovely acapella curio from Britain is the one that charted.

25. Joni Mitchell - "Big Yellow Taxi (live)" (Billboard #24, entered 12/28/74). Written and produced by Joni Mitchell. 45: "Big Yellow Taxi (live)"/"Rainy Night House (live)" (Asylum 1974). LP: Miles of Aisles (Asylum 1974).

(Also see Nos. 2 and 4.) Mitchell's 1974 live band version with the L.A. Express is less familiar today than her original 1970 recording, but it managed to chart higher than all other versions.

Sunday, March 29, 2015

Wolfman Jack's "Jesus Crusade"


This headline appeared in the Nov. 27, 1971 issue of Billboard (p. 20), and Nat Freedland's article included the following:

"Wolfman Jack, the raspy-voiced veteran of 16 years in Mexican border super-transmitter radio, is shipping a public service Jesus Rock half-hour show free to any radio station that requests it. Wolfman Jack's 'Jesus Crusade' is already set for 50 major markets and begins broadcasting in December.

" 'The show features music like George Harrison's "My Sweet Lord" and Ocean doing "Put Your Hand in the Hand," ' notes Wolfman, 'all the religious-oriented rock songs that have made the charts.' Interspersed with the music will be Jack telling Bible stories in his own inimitable manner. In addition, Wolfman will answer mailed-in questions from his listeners as part of regular conversations with non-denominational Protestant Minister Joe Racculia.

"The show's audience will be encouraged to think of itself as members of a Jesus Christ Fan Club. 'I know this sounds hokey,' says Jack. 'But I feel that the traditional organized religious approach is obviously not reaching the kids and all I want to do is pass on the message in a way they can relate to. Like, when I'm asked if the Bible says it's forbidden to smoke grass, I'll say it's not forbidden, but the Bible says, 'Do not endanger the House of God,' which means the human body.

" 'In recent months I have been brought closer to the Lord and what I want most to do now is bring young people to Jesus. I've certainly made enough money from the other things I do so that I don't have to do this for the money...'

"...A Wolfman Jack Bible Stories album has been completed with back-up music by jazz pianist Victor Feldman and will probably be offered via the Jesus Rock show in a few months, at a lower price than if it was released through a major label."

Nothing is mentioned about any of this in Wolfman Jack's Have Mercy autobiography. I also haven't had any luck finding any other evidence about the show's existence (or the album's), save for another brief mention of it on page 21 of the April 15, 1972 Billboard. Strange.

Friday, February 27, 2015

Four Charting Versions of "Rings": Who's on the Stereo?

"Rings" was a #17 hit for Cymarron, a soft rock trio who'd later team up with Bread's Jimmy Griffin in the '90s as the Remingtons. Written by pro songwriters Eddie Reeves and Alex Harvey (not the British cult rocker), the song's lyrics toyed with telephones, doorbells, and wedding bands, and suggested that success in romantic relationships correlated with the comfort level of one's living room. Four versions of this song charted in Billboard in the early seventies, each of which altered the original line, "I've got James Taylor on the stereo," with a different artist in JT's place.

Cymarron - "Rings" (Billboard #17, entered 6/12/71). Written by Eddie Reeves and Alex Harvey. Produced by Chips Moman. 45: "Rings"/"Like Children" (Entrance 1971). LP: Rings (Entrance 1971).

Who's on the stereo? James Taylor.



Tompall and the Glaser Brothers - "Rings" (Billboard country #7, entered 9/18/1971). Written by Eddie Reeves and Alex Harvey. Produced by Jim Glaser. 45: "Rings"/"That's When I Love You the Most" (MGM 1971). LP: Rings and Things. 

Who's on the stereo? Merle Haggard.

Lobo - "Rings" (Billboard #43, entered 7/20/74). Written by Eddie Reeves and Alex Harvey. Produced by Phil Gernhard. 45: "Rings"/"I'm Only Sleeping" (Big Tree 1974). LP: Just a Singer (Big Tree 1974).

Who's on the stereo? The Allman Brothers. The B-side is a sleepy cover of the 1966 Beatles tune.


Reuben Howell - "Rings" (1974, Billboard #86). Written by Eddie Reeves and Alex Harvey. Produced by Clayton Ivey and Terry Woodford. 45: "Rings"/"I'll Be Your Brother" (Motown 1974). LP: Rings (Motown 1974).

Who's on the stereo? Jim Croce.

Reuben Howell (a Motown label Caucasian) and Lobo, by the way, both entered Billboard's Hot 100 on the same day - July 20, 1974. Both of their versions also bypassed the poignant flat-VII (coinciding with "laugh and sing") that appeared in the choruses of Cymarron's version. Why did they both surface with similar renditions exactly three years after the song's first flurry of success?

Other non-charting versions: Leo Kottke did a version of the song in 1983, expertly inserting Mel Blanc as the "on the stereo" artist but also bypassing the flat-VII. In a 1982 version by Dr. Hook, they're listening to "sweet music."  And commenter James Porter has clued me in on a 1971 version by Lonnie Mack, who sticks with James Taylor on the stereo.

Wednesday, February 25, 2015

Chart Song Cinema: Last Tango in Paris (1973)

Bernardo Bertolucci's Last Tango in Paris depicted a steamy affair between two hopelessly damaged souls: an American widower (played by Marlon Brando in one of his quintessential performances) and a young French married girl who remain nameless to each other. At once a clear manifestation of post-sixties sexual freedom and its very seventies psychic complications, the bilingual film knocked critics off their theater seats and gave mere thrill seekers mental scars. What certainly lingered in all moviegoers' heads, though, was the moaning trumpet in Gato Barberi's theme music. Many instrumentalists got busy with personalized arrangements of the song, with only Herb Alpert and Tonight Show trumpeter Doc Severinsen checking in with chart listings. Composer Jack Elliott's theme music for the Charlie's Angels TV show (1976-81) would evoke the Last Tango theme, perhaps as an effort to heighten its already sexual edge.

Herb Alpert and the TJB - "Last Tango in Paris" (1973, Billboard #77). Written by Gato Barbieri. Produced and arranged by Herb Alpert. "String and things" by Quincy Jones. 45: "Last Tango in Paris"/"Fire and Rain" (A&M 1973). LP: (no US album appearance).

Side B is a marimba-cha-cha version of James Taylor's "Fire and Rain."


Doc Severinsen - "The Last Tango in Paris" (1973, Billboard # 106). Written by Gato Barbieri. Produced by Joe Reisman. Arranged by Harry Betts. 45: "Last Tango in Paris"/"Alone Again (Naturally)" (RCA 1973). LP: (no US album appearance).


Monday, February 9, 2015

The Beach Boys' Radio Hits of the Early '70s

Possibly no musical act has derived more long-term energy from the tension of art vs. commercialism than the Beach Boys. Books and movies have focused on Brian Wilson's inventiveness as a paradoxical force of disturbance in the group's economics and a longtime source of internal Beach Boy strife. To this day the tension keeps nice and taut as various touring configurations of the group cater to different fan philosophies and Brian Wilson's latter-day creative renaissance continues to flower.

The introspective early '70s found the world's favorite summertime group redefining itself for a while, exploring and experimenting while adjusting to the times and coping with Wilson's troubled mental state, and their records from this era have become objects of increasing curiosity. The period ended when the decade's nostalgia wave finally prompted them to grab their boards and to ride it, putting an end to a five-year dearth of Top 40 singles with the reissue of "Surfin' USA" from their 1974 Endless Summer compilation. Here's a quick rundown of that early '70s lull in U.S. singles chart activity.


"Cottonfields" (1970)
The Beach Boys

Written by Huddie Ledbetter * Produced by the Beach Boys * Arranged by Alan Jardine * 45: "Cottonfields"/"The Nearest Faraway Place" * Label: Capitol * Billboard charts: Bubbling under (#103) * Entered: 1970-05-16.

Although the group had already released a  version of this Leadbelly-penned folk standard on their 1969 20/20 album, Beach Boy Al Jardine headed up a re-do for the back-to-the-land early '70s, bringing in pedal steel guitarist Red Rhodes along with an unknown jaw-harpist and giving it a bouncier, dirt-road feel. The 1970 single may have ushered in a half-decade of disappointing chart action in the US, but it otherwise became a worldwide smash, going top 5 in the UK and launching a new era where the band's international success would outpace their fortunes at home. The single's B side contained the 20/20 album's "Nearest Faraway Place," written and arranged by Bruce Johnston and sounding like the fantasy expedition of a hotel lobby piano.

Side A: "Cottonfields"


Side B: "The Nearest Faraway Place"




"Add Some Music" (1970)
The Beach Boys

Written by Brian Wilson, Joe Knott, and Mike Love * 45: "Add Some Music to Your Day" / "Susie Cincinnati" * LP: Sunflower * Label: Brother/Reprise * Billboard charts: Hot 100 (#64) * Entered: 1970-03-03

The only charting single from Sunflower—the Beach Boys' first album for Warner Bros. after leaving Capitol—was "Add Some Music," which stands out in their catalog for its uncharacteristic 12-string acoustic breeziness. With its soaring harmonies, the song became a crowd-pleasing staple of their 50-year reunion shows in the summer of 2012. Two awkward moments come from Mike Love (who sings "There's blues, folk and kun-treee and rock like a rolling stoooone") and Bruce Johnston (who sings "Your doctor knows it keeps you calm"). Brian Wilson might have given those lines the childlike charm they require and come off a bit less winceful.

Side B is an Al Jardine mono track about a cab driver whose "looks ain't exactly a plus." It wouldn't appear on an album until 1976's 15 Big Ones in a stereo mix with its car sounds moved from the intro to the end of the first verse. A new stereo mix (linked below) of the original 1970 track appeared on the Made in California (2012) box set. On November 24, 1976, the Beach Boys played in Cincinnati and reunited on stage with the cab driver who inspired the song, a mother of five named Joellyn Lambert who had been located by the Cincinnati Post. In spite of what the record said about her looks and being the city's "number one sinner" and not a "winner," the occasion passed without controversy.

Side A: "Add Some Music"


Side B: "Susie Cincinnati"




*Bonus*
"See the Light" (1970)
The Flame

Written by Steve Fataar, Blondie Chaplin, Ed Fataar and Ricky Fataar * Produced by Carl Wilson * 45: "See the Light"/"Get Your Mind Made Up" * LP: The Flame * Label: Brother/Reprise * Billboard charts: Hot 100 (#95) * Entered: 1970-11-07.

After Sunflower, Carl Wilson produced a cool album by South African rock band the Flame, which became the only non-Beach Boys release on their Brother label. The group's Ricky Fataar (a future Rutle) and Blondie Chaplin would join the official Beach Boys lineup in 1972. "See the Light," with its falsetto choruses, would have weathered some heavier AM radio airplay just fine in its day. Wilson can be heard singing backup.


Side A: "See the Light"


Side B: "Get Your Mind Made Up"



*Bonus*
"Student Demonstration Time" (1971)
The Beach Boys

Written by Jerry Lieber and Mike Stoller; New lyrics by Mike Love * Produced by the Beach Boys * LP: Surf's Up * Label: Brother/Reprise * Billboard charts: — (entered Boston's WMEX airplay chart 1970-09-23)

The Beach Boys hired Sunflower promoter Jack Rieley as their manager between 1971 and 1973, which became a distinct phase for the band where they recorded more topical subject matter (especially on their 1971 Surf's Up album) and received kinder treatment from the rock press. On "Student Demonstration Time," Beach Boy Mike Love—using a police megaphone vocal effect—put new words to the Robins' "Riot in Cell Block #9," which had already been part of the band's live repertoire. It now made references to the Berkeley Free Speech Movement, "Bloody Thursday" at Berkeley's People's Park, the riots in Isla Vista, and the killings at Jackson State College and Kent State. Shortly after Kent State happened (May 1970), the Strawberry Statement bummer film had also come out, which drew inspiration from the violent 1968 student protests at Columbia University. The song's warning to "stay away when there's a riot going on" seemed to distinguish it as a current events exercise rather than one of explicit protest.

Although "Student Demonstration Time" had never been released as a single in the US, it racked up plenty of airplay as an album track on Boston Top 40 outlet WMEX, where it peaked at #5. Apart from its controversial subject matter, it would be safe to assess that the song's biggest drawback was its steady use of siren sound effects, which were a big no no with the FCC.

"Student Demonstration Time"






"Long Promised Road" (1971)
The Beach Boys

Written by Carl Wilson and Jack Rieley * Produced by the Beach Boys * 45: "Long Promised Road"/"'Til I Die" * LP: Surf's Up * Label: Brother/Reprise * Billboard charts: Hot 100 (#89) * Entered: 1971-10-30

After he became the Beach Boys' new manager, Jack Rieley immediately began contributing sets of poetically phrased lyrics to the band's songwriting stockpile. On "Long Promised Road," Carl Wilson managed to chew gracefully on lines like "so hard to lift the jeweled scepter when the weight turns a smile to a frown." The track's easy melodicism, pensive vibe, and smooth production certainly helped. A better fit overall with album rock formats instead of Top 40, the song charted no higher than #89 in Billboard. An earlier pressing of "Long Promised Road," with Sunflower's "Dierdre" on side B, had actually stiffed; a post Surf's Up re-release, though, backed by that album's elegiac "Til I Die," is the one that charted. The popular 1972 surfing film Five Summer Stories showcased the Surf's Up title track—along with the album's "Long Promised Road" and "Feel Flows"—as suitable hang-ten music for the seventies generation. (An extended, more evocative mix of "Til I Die" later turned up on the 1998 Endless Harmony soundtrack.)

Side A: "Long Promised Road" 


Side B: "'Til I Die"




"Marcella" (1972)
The Beach Boys

Written by Brian Wilson and Jack Rieley * Produced by the Beach Boys * 45: "Marcella" / "Hold on Dear Brother" * LP: Carl and the Passions: So Tough * Label: Brother * Billboard charts: Bubbling under (#110) * Entered: 1972-07-15

Wave off some of the smoke in the room and you'll find a classic girl-name song that might have charted higher elsewhere in time. The haziness here is crucial, though. Put on the headphones and hear all the vocal and instrumental layers billow, curl, and evaporate. The Carl and the Passions: So Tough album's very oddness—its misleading title, its initial appearance as a two-fer with Pet Sounds, the appearance of two new band members (Blondie Chaplin and Ricky Fataar from the Flame), and its stoned aura—tends to overshadow some of its musical pleasures. A Blondie Chaplin and Ricky Fataar composition from the album (with steel guitar by an uncredited player who may well have been "Cottonfields" Red Rhodes) appears on the flip.

Side A: "Marcella"


Side B: "Hold on Dear Brother"




"Sail On Sailor" (1973)
The Beach Boys

Written by Brian Wilson, Tandyn Almer, Van Dyke Parks, Jack Rieley, and Ray Kennedy * Produced by the Beach Boys * 45: "Sail On Sailor" / "Only With You" * LP: Holland * Label: Brother/Reprise * Billboard charts: Hot 100 (#79) * Entered: 1973-02-24

Recent chart success in the Netherlands prompted Beach Boys band manager Jack Rieley to talk them into moving to—and building an expensive studio in—Amsterdam, where plenty of successful pop music had been percolating during the early seventies. This resulted in another somewhat muted album-rock offering that included a bonus 45 with a Brian Wilson synthesizer fairy tale called "Mount Vernon and Fairway." The album's crowning glory, though, was "Sail On Sailor," another Brian Wilson track written primarily with his old Smile collaborator Van Dyke Parks that was added to the album as an afterthought. (The other three co-writers, as Parks once put it, "came out of their little rooms" to claim ownership of certain ideas.) Blondie Chaplin sings lead on the single, which peaked at #79 in 1973. A 1975 re-release brought it up to #49, after which it settled comfortably into FM rock playlists ever since. During this period, drummer Dennis Wilson began contributing parlor-piano mood pieces to Beach Boys albums, and his "Only With You," with lyrics by Mike Love and lead vocals by brother Carl, appeared on the other side of "Sail On Sailor."

Side A: "Sail On Sailor"


Side B: "Only With You"




"California Saga (On My Way to Sunny Californ-i-a)" (1973)
The Beach Boys

Written by Alan Jardine. Produced by the Beach Boys. 45: "California Saga (On My Way to Sunny Californ-i-a)" / "Funky Pretty" (Brother 1973). LP: Holland (Brother 1973). * Billboard charts: Hot 100 (#84) * Entered: 1973-05-12

This sing-songy Al Jardine track, which—like "Cottonfields" before it—contained a jaw harp in the mix, appeared on the Holland album as the third part of its "California Saga" (where it's listed as "California Saga/California"). Americana aspects reminiscent of "Cottonfields," perhaps, propelled it to #37 in the UK. On the B-side is "Funky Pretty," a laid back Brian Wilson number with lyrics by Mike Love and Jack Rieley.

Side A: "California Saga (On My Way to Sunny Californ-i-a)"


Side B: "Funky Pretty"



"Surfin' USA" (1963)
The Beach Boys

Written by Chuck Berry (and Brian Wilson) * Produced by Nick Venet * 45: "Surfin' USA" / "The Warmth of the Sun" * LP: Endless Summer * Label: Capitol * Billboard charts (as reissue): Hot 100 (#36) * Entered (as reissue): 1974-08-17

Capitol wisely released a Beach Boys compilation the year after two Beach Boys songs ("Surfin' Safari" and "All Summer Long") played crucial roles in the soundtrack for American Graffiti, the film that revved up the already-rumbling engines of cultural nostalgia. After this, the band would never stray too far from its original themes. The compilation's leadoff single—a #3 hit in 1963—was credited to Chuck Berry as its sole writer, the result of publishing disputes that had arisen when it first appeared with sole credit to Brian Wilson, who had given Berry's "Sweet Little Sixteen" new lyrics. The exquisite "Warmth of the Sun," written by Wilson and Mike Love in the wake of the Kennedy assassination, made a welcome appearance as the reissue's flipside. ("Shut Down" was the B-side in '63.)

Side A: "Surfin' USA"


Side B: "The Warmth of the Sun"


Sunday, February 8, 2015

Singer-Songwriters and the "No Fault Divorce" Law

James Cushing, quoted in Harvey Kubernik's Turn Up the Radio!: Rock, Pop, and Roll in Los Angeles 1956-1972 (p. 232): "People say that the singer-songwriter genre happened because people were recovering from the sixties, but I think there's another reason - California adopted the 'no fault divorce' law in July 1970, and then the rest of the country followed suit. Before that time, it was really hard to get a divorce. You had to prove so many things, hire lawyers to get photographs, like Jake Gittes in Chinatown. Prior to 1970, the California Supreme Court ruled that, from now on, there will be exactly two reasons for divorce: incurable insanity or irreconcilable differences.

"This new law had enormous impact on everyone - the people who made the music, who listed to the music, who sold the music, their secretaries, their lawyers, and the listeners with their radios. All of a sudden, none of them had to worry about hiring a divorce detective. Now, if you got sick and tired of your spouse, you could get divorced right away. So it seemed that everybody got divorced.

"From an observer's viewpoint, divorce can be very liberating for both parties, but, according to psychologists, it's the equivalent of a death in the family, in terms of persona trauma. So everybody's newly liberated, but traumatized. In light of this situation, James Taylor singing 'You've Got a Friend' sounds really good. But Jim Morrison singing 'Break on Through' does not sound as good, because you've just broken on through to the other side of the conventional life, and now that you've broken on through, you're stuck with the fact that it's broken, and you broke it. I hope you like it broken, That's what you wanted. Oh, but you feel a strange nostalgia for the unbroken? You've got a friend."

Monday, February 2, 2015

Chart Song Cinema: Black Caesar (1973), Slaughter's Big Rip-Off (1973), and Hell Up in Harlem (1974)

Black Caesar tends to get mentioned as one of the blaxploitation flim genre's better moments. Loosely based on the 1931 gangster classic Little Caesar, it tells the story of Tommy Gibbs (Fred Williamson), who climbs the organized crime ladder and becomes the scourge of New York City's corrupt lawmakers. James Brown's soundtrack gives the movie added muscle, with his smoldering version of Bodie Chandler and Barry De Vorzon's "Down and Out in New York City" as its theme.

According to the film's director Larry Cohen in Reflections on Blaxploitation: Actors and Directors Speak (2009), the Godfather of Soul had a habit of ignoring directors' time specifications for each cue, saddling them with extra editing work. He had done the same thing with his music for Slaughter's Big Rip-Off (1973), and when Cohen requested to use a Brown soundtrack for the Black Caesar sequel (Hell Up in Harlem), American International rejected it, opting instead for Motown's Edwin Starr. Brown released the rejected music on his Payback album, which was aptly named because its title track hit #1 on Billboard's soul chart, while Starr's song only managed to reach #110 on the pop chart and was shut out of the soul listings. Also, the Payback album served as the score for Guy Ritchie's popular Lock, Stock, and Two Smoking Barrels twenty-four years later.

Here's a crucial bit of information one must know before viewing Black Caesar today: The ending on the DVD is different from how audiences experienced it in theaters in 1973. It contains a minute's worth of footage that was lopped off by Cohen after the first screenings. When you watch it on DVD, Tommy Gibbs staggers back to his old neighborhood, where a gang of black street thugs jumps him and presumably kills him. This is more in keeping with the comeuppance all gangsters received in thirties cinema and makes for a stronger, more poignant ending.

Test audiences were outraged by this original ending, though, and when it was trimmed to show Gibbs careening across a busy downtown sidewalk before credits rolled, peace was restored and the film became a big hit. When DVD and VHS versions came out in the early '80s, however, they used the original negative, so, according to Cohen, "there are two versions of the movie - the home video version and the theatrical cut" (pp. 51-52). Therefore, if you watch the critically unadmired Hell Up in Harlem immediately after Black Caesar, you scratch your head, wondering why the sequel starts with him at the crosswalk and never shows him getting the shaft at the old 'hood.

And by the way, if you're hoping to experience the James Brown soundtrack in action for Slaughter's Big Rip-Off (1973) (a sequel to 1972's Slaughter, both starring the unrelated Jim Brown), DVD versions with the original soundtrack, including the chart hit "Sexy Sexy Sexy," are pretty much impossible to find. They've all got a faux blaxploitation dummy score for some reason. More punishment for Soul Brother Number One for not following the original cue instructions?

James Brown - "Down and Out in New York City" (Billboard #50,  entered 3/10/73; soul #13). Written by Bodie Chandler and Barry De Vorzon. Produced by James Brown. 45: "Down and Out in New York City"/"Mama's Dead" (Polydor 1973). LP: Black Caesar (Polydor 1973).

The B-side, "Mama's Dead," sounds as though Brown was captured in the studio shedding real tears.

James Brown - "Sexy Sexy Sexy" (Billboard #50, entered 8/18/73; soul #6). Written and produced by James Brown. 45: "Sexy Sexy Sexy"/"Slaughter Theme" (Polydor 1973). LP: Slaughter's Big Rip-Off (Polydor 1973).

(Again, the appearance of this song on any DVD version of the film is no guarantee.)



Edwin Starr - "Ain't It Hell Up in Harlem" (Billboard #110, entered 2/23/74). Written by Freddie Perren. Produced by Freddie Perren and Fonce Mizell. 45: "Ain't It Hell Up in Harlem"/"Don't It Feel Good to Be Free" (Motown 1974). LP: Hell Up in Harlem (Motown 1974).

I wish "Big Pappa," the song that accompanies the film's sequence where Tommy Gibbs's old man goes gangster, was on side B. That would have made for a truly classic single.

James Brown - "The Payback, Pt. 1" (Billboard #26, entered 3/23/74; soul #1). Written by James Brown, Fred Wesley, and John Starks. Produced by James Brown. 45: "The Payback - Part I"/"The Payback - Part II" (Polydor 1973). LP: The Payback (Polydor 1973).